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GPS

The global positioning system, or GPS, is a global navigation satellite system developed by the United States Department of Defense. Originally intended for military applications, the system is now in use by numerous consumer electronics devices that use information received from GPS satellites in orbit to triangulate the user's exact location.

A total of 24 GPS satellites orbit the earth twice a day transmitting microwave signals to earth. A GPS receiver locks on to the signal of at least 3 satellites to calculate the user's 2D position, which it achieves by comparing the time a signal was sent to the time it was received to calculate the unit's distance from each satellite. With a lock on 4 different satellites, a GPS device can determine altitude as well as latitude and longitude. Beyond positioning information, a GPS receiver can also calculate speed, bearing, trip distance, distance to one's destination, sunrise or sunset time, and other position and motion data points.

A number of manufacturers sell stand-alone GPS navigation devices typically for use in the car, along with a subset of handheld nav systems for hikers and outdoor applications. A growing number of cell phones, especially smartphones, also include built-in GPS functionality. Some laptops and portable media player devices also include GPS functionality.

 

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