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CCD

A charge-coupled device is one of the two main types of image sensors used in digital cameras, the other being CMOS. A CCD is generally more light-sensitive, but also more prone to signal noise and requires more hardware to access the sensor. The CCD is covered with tiny capacitors which receive an electric charge when exposed to light, each representing a pixel. To read the image off the sensor, hardware triggers these capacitors to each transfer their charge information to their neighbors. In effect, the pixels pass their data down a line until it gets measured and recorded at one end. By not integrating hardware to measure each pixel's charge individually, more of the chip's surface area is available to capture light, giving CCDs very high performance in fields like astronomy.

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